HOMILY OF HIS HOLINESS
POPE BENEDICT XVI
Saint Peter's Square
Thursday, 11
October 2012
Dear Brother Bishops,
Dear brothers and sisters!
Today, fifty years from the opening of the Second
Vatican Ecumenical Council, we begin with great joy the Year of Faith.
I am delighted to greet all of you, particularly His Holiness Bartholomaois I,
Patriarch of Constantinople, and His Grace Rowan Williams, Archbishop of
Canterbury. A special greeting goes to the Patriarchs and Major Archbishops of
the Eastern Catholic Churches, and to the Presidents of the Bishops’
Conferences. In order to evoke the Council, which some present had the grace to
experience for themselves - and I greet them with particular affection - this
celebration has been enriched by several special signs: the opening procession,
intended to recall the memorable one of the Council Fathers when they entered
this Basilica; the enthronement of the Book of the Gospels with the same book
that was used at the Council; the consignment of the seven final Messages of the
Council, and of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, which I will do before the
final blessing. These signs help us not only to remember, they also offer us the
possibility of going beyond commemorating. They invite us to enter more deeply
into the spiritual movement which characterized Vatican II, to make it ours and
to develop it according to its true meaning. And its true meaning was and
remains faith in Christ, the apostolic faith, animated by the inner desire to
communicate Christ to individuals and all people, in the Church’s pilgrimage
along the pathways of history.
The Year of
Faith which we launch today is linked harmoniously with the Church’s whole
path over the last fifty years: from the Council, through the Magisterium of the
Servant of God Paul VI, who
proclaimed a Year of Faith in 1967, up to the Great Jubilee of the year 2000,
with which Blessed John Paul II
re-proposed to all humanity Jesus Christ as the one Saviour, yesterday, today
and forever. Between these two Popes, Paul VI and John Paul II, there was a deep
and complete convergence, precisely upon Christ as the centre of the cosmos and
of history, and upon the apostolic eagerness to announce him to the world. Jesus
is the centre of the Christian faith. The Christian believes in God whose face
was revealed by Jesus Christ. He is the fulfilment of the Scriptures and their
definitive interpreter. Jesus Christ is not only the object of the faith but, as
it says in the Letter to the Hebrews, he is “the pioneer and the
perfecter of our faith” (12:2).
Today’s Gospel tells us that Jesus Christ, consecrated by the Father in the
Holy Spirit, is the true and perennial subject of evangelization. “The Spirit of
the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to preach the good news to the
poor” (Lk 4:18). This mission of Christ, this movement of his continues
in space and time, over centuries and continents. It is a movement which starts
with the Father and, in the power of the Spirit, goes forth to bring the good
news to the poor, in both a material and a spiritual sense. The Church is the
first and necessary instrument of this work of Christ because it is united to
him as a body to its head. “As the Father has sent me, even so I send you”
(Jn 20:21), says the Risen One to his disciples, and breathing upon them,
adds, “Receive the Holy Spirit” (v.22). Through Christ, God is the principal
subject of evangelization in the world; but Christ himself wished to pass on his
own mission to the Church; he did so, and continues to do so, until the end of
time pouring out his Spirit upon the disciples, the same Spirit who came upon
him and remained in him during all his earthly life, giving him the strength “to
proclaim release to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at
liberty those who are oppressed” and “to proclaim the acceptable year of the
Lord” (Lk 4:18-19).
The Second
Vatican Council did not wish to deal with the theme of faith in one specific
document. It was, however, animated by a desire, as it were, to immerse itself
anew in the Christian mystery so as to re-propose it fruitfully to contemporary
man. The Servant of God Paul VI, two
years after the end of the Council session, expressed it in this way: “Even if
the Council does not deal expressly with the faith, it talks about it on every
page, it recognizes its vital and supernatural character, it assumes it to be
whole and strong, and it builds upon its teachings. We need only recall some of
the Council’s statements in order to realize the essential importance that the
Council, consistent with the doctrinal tradition of the Church, attributes to
the faith, the true faith, which has Christ for its source and the Church’s
Magisterium for its channel” (General Audience, 8 March 1967). Thus said
Paul VI in 1967.
We now turn to the one who convoked the Second
Vatican Council and inaugurated it: Blessed John XXIII. In
his opening speech, he presented the principal purpose of the Council in this
way: “What above all concerns the Ecumenical Council is this: that the sacred
deposit of Christian doctrine be safeguarded and taught more effectively […]
Therefore, the principal purpose of this Council is not the discussion of this
or that doctrinal theme… a Council is not required for that… [but] this certain
and immutable doctrine, which is to be faithfully respected, needs to be
explored and presented in a way which responds to the needs of our time”
(AAS 54 [1962], 790,791-792). So said Pope John at the inauguration of
the Council.
In the light of these words, we can understand what I myself felt at the
time: during the Council there was an emotional tension as we faced the common
task of making the truth and beauty of the faith shine out in our time, without
sacrificing it to the demands of the present or leaving it tied to the past: the
eternal presence of God resounds in the faith, transcending time, yet it can
only be welcomed by us in our own unrepeatable today. Therefore I believe that
the most important thing, especially on such a significant occasion as this, is
to revive in the whole Church that positive tension, that yearning to announce
Christ again to contemporary man. But, so that this interior thrust towards the
new evangelization neither remain just an idea nor be lost in confusion, it
needs to be built on a concrete and precise basis, and this basis is the
documents of the Second
Vatican Council, the place where it found expression. This is why I have
often insisted on the need to return, as it were, to the “letter” of the Council
– that is to its texts – also to draw from them its authentic spirit, and why I
have repeated that the true legacy of Vatican II is to be found in them.
Reference to the documents saves us from extremes of anachronistic nostalgia and
running too far ahead, and allows what is new to be welcomed in a context of
continuity. The Council did not formulate anything new in matters of faith, nor
did it wish to replace what was ancient. Rather, it concerned itself with seeing
that the same faith might continue to be lived in the present day, that it might
remain a living faith in a world of change.
If we place ourselves in harmony with the authentic approach which Blessed John XXIII
wished to give to Vatican II, we will be able to realize it during this Year of Faith,
following the same path of the Church as she continuously endeavours to deepen
the deposit of faith entrusted to her by Christ. The Council Fathers wished to
present the faith in a meaningful way; and if they opened themselves trustingly
to dialogue with the modern world it is because they were certain of their
faith, of the solid rock on which they stood. In the years following, however,
many embraced uncritically the dominant mentality, placing in doubt the very
foundations of the deposit of faith, which they sadly no longer felt able to
accept as truths.
If today the Church proposes a new Year of Faith
and a new evangelization, it is not to honour an anniversary, but because there
is more need of it, even more than there was fifty years ago! And the reply to
be given to this need is the one desired by the Popes, by the Council Fathers
and contained in its documents. Even the initiative to create a Pontifical
Council for the promotion of the new evangelization, which I thank for its
special effort for the Year of Faith,
is to be understood in this context. Recent decades have seen the advance of a
spiritual “desertification”. In the Council’s time it was already possible from
a few tragic pages of history to know what a life or a world without God looked
like, but now we see it every day around us. This void has spread. But it is in
starting from the experience of this desert, from this void, that we can again
discover the joy of believing, its vital importance for us, men and women. In
the desert we rediscover the value of what is essential for living; thus in
today’s world there are innumerable signs, often expressed implicitly or
negatively, of the thirst for God, for the ultimate meaning of life. And in the
desert people of faith are needed who, with their own lives, point out the way
to the Promised Land and keep hope alive. Living faith opens the heart to the
grace of God which frees us from pessimism. Today, more than ever, evangelizing
means witnessing to the new life, transformed by God, and thus showing the path.
The first reading spoke to us of the wisdom of the wayfarer (cf. Sir
34:9-13): the journey is a metaphor for life, and the wise wayfarer is one who
has learned the art of living, and can share it with his brethren – as happens
to pilgrims along the Way of Saint James or similar routes which, not by chance,
have again become popular in recent years. How come so many people today feel
the need to make these journeys? Is it not because they find there, or at least
intuit, the meaning of our existence in the world? This, then, is how we can
picture the Year of Faith,
a pilgrimage in the deserts of today’s world, taking with us only what is
necessary: neither staff, nor bag, nor bread, nor money, nor two tunics – as the
Lord said to those he was sending out on mission (cf. Lk 9:3), but the
Gospel and the faith of the Church, of which the Council documents are a
luminous expression, as is the Catechism of the Catholic Church, published
twenty years ago.
Venerable and dear Brothers, 11 October 1962 was the Feast of Mary Most Holy,
Mother of God. Let us entrust to her the Year of Faith,
as I did last week when I went on pilgrimage to Loreto. May the Virgin Mary
always shine out as a star along the way of the new evangelization. May she help
us to put into practice the Apostle Paul’s exhortation, “Let the word of Christ
dwell in you richly, teach and admonish one another in all wisdom […] And
whatever you do, in word or deed, do everything in the name of the Lord Jesus,
giving thanks to God the Father through him” (Col 3:16-17). Amen.